1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße,Cologne,Germany
2. Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf,Cologne,Germany
3. Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou,China
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Personalized treatment concepts in extraocular cancer[J]. 眼科实践与研究新进展, 2024,4(2):69-77.
Sitong Ju, Alexander C. Rokohl, Yongwei Guo, et al. Personalized treatment concepts in extraocular cancer[J]. AOPR, 2024,4(2):69-77.
Personalized treatment concepts in extraocular cancer[J]. 眼科实践与研究新进展, 2024,4(2):69-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2024.02.003.
Sitong Ju, Alexander C. Rokohl, Yongwei Guo, et al. Personalized treatment concepts in extraocular cancer[J]. AOPR, 2024,4(2):69-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2024.02.003.
BackgroundThe periocular skin is neoplasms-prone to various benign and malignant. Periocular malignancies are more aggressive and challenging to cure and repair than those in other skin areas. In recent decades
immunotherapy has significantly advanced oncology
allowing the autoimmune system to target and destroy malignant cells. Skin malignancies
especially periocular tumors
are particularly sensitive to immunotherapy. This technique has dramatically impacted the successful treatment of challenging tumors.Main textExtraocular cancers
including eyelid (basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
melanoma
merkel cell carcinoma)
conjunctival tumors (conjunctival melanoma
ocular surface squamous neoplasia) and other rare tumors
are unique and challenging clinical situations. Several genetic alterations associated with the pathogenesis of these diseases have been identified
and molecular mechanism are essential for the development of the immunotherapy agents
such as Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (vismodegib and sonidegib) for basal cell carcinoma
BRAF/MEK inhibitors (vemurafenib
dabrafenib
and encorafenib) for melanoma
and immune checkpoint inhibitors (Avelumab
pembrolizumab) for Merkel cell carcinoma.ConclusionsThe optimal treatment for periocular skin cancer depends on the type and size of the tumor and whether it involves orbital and adnexal structures. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy with chemotherapy-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors should be considered based on tumor type
tumor molecular profile
expected response rate
and candidacy for systemic treatment.
Periocular malignancyEyelidConjunctiva tumorImmunotherapyNeoadjuvant therapy
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