最新刊期
卷 4 ， 期 4 ， 2024
Letter to the Editor
- 摘要：BackgroundMyopia is one of the most common eye diseases globally, and has become an increasingly serious health concern among adolescents. Understanding the factors contributing to the onset of myopia and the strategies to slow its progression is critical to reducing its prevalence.Main textAnimal models are key to understanding of the etiology of human diseases. Various experimental animal models have been developed to mimic human myopia, including chickens, rhesus monkeys, marmosets, mice, tree shrews, guinea pigs and zebrafish. Studies using these animal models have provided evidences and perspectives on the regulation of eye growth and refractive development. This review summarizes the characteristics of these models, the induction methods, common indicators of myopia in animal models, and recent findings on the pathogenic mechanism of myopia.ConclusionsInvestigations using experimental animal models have provided valuable information and insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of human myopia and its treatment strategies.关键词：Myopia;Experimental myopia animal models;Form-deprivated myopia;Lens-induced myopia;Eye growth;Refractive development;Corneal remodeling
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发布时间：2024-12-14 - 摘要：BackgroundCataracts are a common eye disease and a major cause of blindness in China and worldwide. In China, the incidence of cataracts among people over 60 years old is as high as 80%. Surgery is the primary treatment for various types of cataracts, but such invasive procedures can affect corneal endothelial cells to some extent.Main textCataract surgery can damage corneal endothelial cells, leading to complications such as corneal edema in mild cases. Severe damage can result in endothelial decompensation, necessitating secondary corneal endothelial transplantation. Preoperative thorough assessment of endothelial status, intraoperative endothelial protection measures, and postoperative active use of medications to prevent further damage to endothelial cells can reduce endothelial cell loss. Factors influencing endothelial cell status include whether the patient has related systemic diseases or ocular conditions, the hardness of the nucleus, the choice of surgical incision, the method of nuclear fragmentation, the type of viscoelastic agent used, the orientation of the phacoemulsification needle bevel, the duration and energy of ultrasound use, the choice of fluid control system, the use of protective auxiliary instruments, the application of intraocular lens scaffold technology, femtosecond laser assistance, and the use of certain medications.ConclusionsActively regulating the factors affecting corneal endothelial cells to reduce damage related to cataract surgery is crucial. This paper reviews the existing literature on various factors affecting corneal endothelial cells during cataract surgery and explores future developments and research directions.关键词：Cataract;Corneal endothelial cells;Surgical treatment
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发布时间：2024-12-14 - 摘要：BackgroundPresbyopia, a common age-related condition affecting near vision, impacts over a billion people worldwide. The aim of this paper is to review the main reports and results of clinical trials, comparing the newest pharmacological treatment options for presbyopia, their mechanisms of action, and possible side effects.Main textPharmacological approaches, involving eye drops that target the underlying mechanisms of presbyopia, have gained growing interest. Two key pharmacological agents in this field are miotics and lens softeners. Miotics enhance near vision temporarily by creating a pinhole effect, though they may cause side effects and are under further investigation for long-term use with ongoing research also exploring the potential benefits of combining them with other drugs to improve outcomes and reduce adverse reactions. Lens softeners, on the other hand, aim to restore the flexibility of the lens, addressing one of the primary causes of presbyopia. Despite early trials, further development of lens softeners has been suspended. A notable advancement in this field is the recent FDA approval of 1.25% and 0.4% pilocarpine, a miotic agent, for presbyopia treatment. This milestone highlights the growing interest in pharmacological solutions for presbyopia, with several new drugs and their combinations currently being investigated for potential FDA approval.Conclusionspharmacological treatments, particularly miotics like pilocarpine, represent a promising alternative to conventional methods for managing presbyopia. Continued research into these treatments, especially combinations of drugs, may offer more effective and convenient options for presbyopia patients in the future.关键词：Presbyopia;Presbyopia treatment;Medical;Pharmacological presbyopia treatment
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发布时间：2024-12-14
Review
- 摘要：PurposeThis study aimed to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of different machines in intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).Methods213 subjects diagnosed with MGD underwent three sessions of IPL treatment in a control (M22) treatment group or experimental (OPL-I) treatment group and were followed up three to four weeks after each session. Tear breakup time (TBUT), meibomian gland secretion scores (MGSS), meibomian gland meibum scores (MGMS), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) scores, and the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) was used to assess eye dryness signs and symptoms at baseline and follow-up visits.ResultsTwo machines had the same working principles except that experimental (OPL-I) group consist of a dual filter system. Both groups showed significant improvements (P < 0.0001) in TBUT, MGSS, MGMS, CFS scores and SPEED scores. Non-inferiority analysis showed no statistically significant differences in any result between the two groups. Various defects appeared on the filter with the extension of usage time. Spectrophotometry showed that light intensity decreased to 93.5% ± 0.46% past the first filter.ConclusionsIPL treatment completed with different machines have the same effect on improving the symptoms and signs of MGD. The dual filter system in the IPL machine reduces light intensity by approximately 6.5% without affecting its therapeutic effect. It is a feasible measure to ensure double safety and has the significance of popularization not only for MGD but also in other IPL treatment scenarios.关键词：MGD;IPL;Non-inferiority analysis;Dual filter system
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发布时间：2024-12-14 - 摘要：PurposeTo explore the parental factors that impede early intervention for strabismus and thus identify strategies for improving access to specialized care.MethodsThis hospital-based cross-sectional study included 110 parents of children under 19 years with strabismus receiving treatment at the squint clinic of a tertiary health care center in north India. A pre-validated survey questionnaire was administered to the participants, that had a section about the socio-demographics of the participants, another section addressed the parental knowledge about strabismus about diagnosis, and the need for an eye examination. It also sought information about referral source, the felt need for squint examination, and reasons for not seeking treatment.ResultsA total of 110 parents/guardians of strabismus patients (59 exotropes and 51 esotropes) were interviewed using a survey questionnaire. Parents themselves identified 80% of cases, and a substantial link (P < 0.0001) was found between the education status of parents and the age of identification of strabismus. Fear of surgical outcomes (41.79%) was a significant barrier to timely surgery with a higher percentage of parents expressing fear of surgical outcomes (P = 0.025). The cost of surgery (34.33%) and the non-availability of facilities (23.88%) also delayed the intervention.ConclusionsIt is essential to educate parents about the importance of strabismus therapy at an appropriate time, stressing its reconstructive rather than merely cosmetic nature, as there are notable gaps in their knowledge. Also, we need to do away with the fear of surgical outcomes of surgical interventions for strabismus.关键词：Parental;Strabismus;Hurdles;Treatment;Survey
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发布时间：2024-12-14 - 摘要：PurposeThis study aimed to propose a novel deep learning-based approach to assess the extent of abduction in patients with abducens nerve palsy before and after strabismus surgery.MethodsThis study included 13 patients who were diagnosed with abducens nerve palsy and underwent strabismus surgery in a tertiary hospital. Photographs of primary, dextroversion and levoversion position were collected before and after strabismus surgery. The eye location and eye segmentation network were trained via recurrent residual convolutional neural networks with attention gate connection based on U-Net (R2AU-Net). Facial images of abducens nerve palsy patients were used as the test set and parameters were measured automatically based on the masked images. Absolute abduction also was measured manually, and relative abduction was calculated. Agreements between manual and automatic measurements, as well as repeated automatic measurements were analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative results were compared.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between manual and automatic measurements of absolute abduction ranged from 0.985 to 0.992 (P＜0.001), and the bias ranged from −0.25 mm to −0.05 mm. The ICCs between two repeated automatic measurements ranged from 0.994 to 0.997 (P＜0.001), and the bias ranged from −0.11 mm to 0.05 mm. After strabismus surgery, absolute abduction of affected eye increased from 2.18 ± 1.40 mm to 3.36 ± 1.93 mm (P＜0.05). The relative abduction was improved in 76.9% patients (10/13) after surgery (P＜0.01).ConclusionsThis image analysis technique demonstrated excellent accuracy and repeatability for automatic measurements of ocular abduction, which has promising application prospects in objectively assessing surgical outcomes in patients with abducens nerve palsy.关键词：Abducens nerve palsy;Deep learning;Automatic image analysis;Surgery
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发布时间：2024-12-14 - 摘要：ObjectiveThis study aims to identify research trends and hot spots in the treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) over the past decade using bibliometric analysis.MethodsData were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection, including Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), and Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI). The data underwent manual cleaning to remove inaccuracies and irrelevancies, followed by transformation into an analyzable format via the VOSviewer software. This tool facilitated the visualization of co-occurrence networks and keyword maps, highlighting the relationships and the prominence of research themes.ResultsA total of 46448 authors from 7374 institutions across 108 countries contributed to the literature, reflecting a broad international effort. The study documented a consistent increase in SCC-related publications up to 2020, with some variability in subsequent years. Notably, the United States, Germany, China, the United Kingdom, and France were predominant in this research area. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and the University of Pittsburgh were leading contributors in terms of publication volume and citation impact. Key journals included ‘Oral Oncology’ and ‘Clinical Cancer Research’, which were central to the dissemination of high-impact research. Our keyword analysis identified three major research clusters focused on molecular mechanisms, clinical treatment strategies, and emerging interests in immunotherapeutic approaches.ConclusionsThe extensive collaboration and the increasing publication trend underscore the growing global commitment to advancing SCC treatment. The high level of engagement from top institutions and the concentration of research in influential journals reflect the field's dynamic evolution towards innovative and effective treatment modalities. This study provides a valuable overview for researchers, guiding future studies towards areas of high impact and emerging trends in SCC treatment. The findings advocate for enhanced focus on personalized medicine and combination therapies, which are poised to improve outcomes for SCC patients.关键词：Squamous cell carcinoma;Bibliometric analysis;Treatment
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发布时间：2024-12-14 - 摘要：PurposeThe most common intraocular cancer in adults is uveal melanoma (UM). This study aimed to investigate and report the incidence and prognosis of UM in different regions of the world.MethodsWe retrieved relevant data on UM from the PubMed database and analyzed its global incidence and prognosis. All data was obtained from a national population-based registry, with publication dates ranging from 2013 to 2023.ResultsThe incidence rates of UM vary across different regions: in the United States, rates were 5.1 per million (1993–2008) and 5.2 per million (1973–2013); in Canada, rates ranged from 3.34 per million (1992–2010) to 5.09 per million (2011–2017); in Republic of Korea, the rate was 0.42 per million (1999–2011); in New Zealand, it was 5.56 per million (2000–2020); in Australia, it was 7.6 per million (1982–2014); and in Europe, rates ranged from 3.1 to 5.8 per million (1995–2002). Among European countries, Sweden (5.6 per million (1960–2009)), Germany (6.41 per million (2009–2015)), Poland (6.67 per million (2010–2017)), and the United Kingdom (10 per million (1999–2010)).ConclusionsThe most common site of occurrence for UM is in the choroid. Limited data suggest a stable trend in UM incidence rates across the included countries, but significant differences in incidence rates exist among different countries and regions, with notably lower rates in Asian countries compared to Europe, North America, and Oceania. In general, the incidence rate in males is slightly higher compared to that in females.关键词：Uveal melanoma;Incidence;Epidemiology
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发布时间：2024-12-14
Full Length Article
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