Complications of high myopia: An update from clinical manifestations to underlying mechanisms

Yu Du; Jiaqi Meng; Wenwen He; Jiao Qi; Yi Lu; Xiangjia Zhu

doi:10.1016/j.aopr.2024.06.003

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Complications of high myopia: An update from clinical manifestations to underlying mechanisms

Review | 更新时间：2024-12-14

- Complications of high myopia: An update from clinical manifestations to underlying mechanisms
- AOPR Vol. 4, Issue 3, Pages: 156-163(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai,China
  2. NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Shanghai,China
  3. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration,Shanghai,China
  4. State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University,Shanghai,China
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.1016/j.aopr.2024.06.003
  CLC：
- Published：2024，
- 稿件说明：
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YU DU, JIAQI MENG, WENWEN HE, et al. Complications of high myopia: An update from clinical manifestations to underlying mechanisms. [J]. Aopr, 2024, 4(3): 156-163.
DOI：

YU DU, JIAQI MENG, WENWEN HE, et al. Complications of high myopia: An update from clinical manifestations to underlying mechanisms. [J]. Aopr, 2024, 4(3): 156-163. DOI： 10.1016/j.aopr.2024.06.003.

摘要

Abstract

BackgroundHigh myopia is one of the major causes of visual impairment and has an ever-increasing prevalence

especially in East Asia. It is characterized by excessive axial elongation

leading to various blinding complications that extend beyond mere refractive errors and persist immovably after refractive surgery

presenting substantial public health challenge.Main textHigh myopia-related complications include lens pathologies

atrophic and tractional maculopathy

choroidal neovascularization

peripheral retinal degenerations and retinal detachment

and glaucoma and heightened susceptibility to intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Pathological lens changes characteristic of high myopia include early cataractogenesis

overgrowth of lens

weakened zonules

and postoperative capsular contraction syndrome

possibly driven by inflammatory pathogenesis

etc. Dome-shaped macula and cilioretinal arteries are two newly identified protective factors for central vision of highly myopic patients. These patients also face risks of open-angle glaucoma and IOP spike following intraocular surgery. Morphologic alternations of optic nerve in high myopia can complicate early glaucoma detection

necessitating comprehensive examinations and close follow-up. Anatomically

thinner trabecular meshwork increases this risk; conversely lamina cribrosa defects may offer a fluid outlet

potentially mitigating the pressure. Notably

anxiety has emerged as the first recognized extra-ocular complication in high myopia

with an underlying inflammatory pathogenesis that connects visual stimulus

blood and brain.ConclusionsHigh myopia induces multiple ocular and potential mental health complications

underscoring the need to develop more effective strategies to improve both physical and emotional well-being of these patients

among which anti-inflammation might possibly represent a promising new target.

关键词

Keywords

High myopiaCataractMyopic maculopathyOpen-angle glaucomaAnxiety

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